Woodpeckers as providers of nest-holes

Many secondary cavity users depend upon woodpecker holes, which are primary cavity creators, for nesting sites. This Tengmalm's (Aka Boreal) Owl Aegolius funereus chick has been raised in an old cavity of Black Woodpecker. In some regions the distribution of this owl closely mirrors that of the woodpecker. Photo by Thomas Hochebner in Lower Austria, spring 2012.